A few hundred meters west of Shaolin Temple is the Pagoda Forest, which is the resting place of Shaolin monks since the Tang Dynasty and is also the largest pagoda forest in China.
There are many styles and shapes of tomb towers, including square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular, etc. The towers vary in size and height, which are mainly determined by the depth of Buddhist attainments, prestige, and merits of the monks during their lifetime.
There are 232 pagodas in the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest, covering an area of more than 14,000 square meters. Among them, there are 2 Tang Dynasty pagodas, 2 Song Dynasty pagodas, 10 Jin Dynasty pagodas, 46 Yuan Dynasty pagodas, 148 Ming Dynasty pagodas, and the rest are Qing Dynasty pagodas or pagodas of unknown age.
Attractions Location: 400 meters west of Shaolin Temple, Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province
Tickets:
Included in Shaolin Temple admission ticket
Opening hours:
All day (Monday to Sunday, January 1st to December 31st)
Contact Details: 0371-62745000
Transportation:
The attraction is located in Shaolin Temple. You need to arrive at Shaolin Temple before going there.
Transportation within the scenic area
1. Battery car: 10 yuan/person, it is not recommended to take it, the temple is not large and you can visit it on foot;
2. Ropeway:
Shaolin Cableway (Pagoda Forest - Sanhuangzhai): 50 yuan/person for one way, 60 yuan/person for a round trip, the whole journey takes about 20 minutes, and the cableway station is about 5 minutes' walk from the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest.
Songyang Cableway (Talin-Erzu Temple): 40 yuan/person for a round trip. The scenic spot is very small and it is not recommended to visit here.
Time reference: Less than 1 hour
Perfect for travelers with limited time, this itinerary focuses on the highlights of the Shaolin Temple Scenic Area, including the famous Pagoda Forest.
Accommodation/Food: Lunch at the Shaolin Temple vegetarian restaurant. Return to Dengfeng for dinner and stay at a local hotel such as Dengfeng Shaolin International Hotel.
Souvenirs: Shaolin kung fu T-shirts, Buddhist prayer beads, calligraphy scrolls, Shaolin monk statues.
Explore Shaolin deeply and venture into the Songshan Mountain area, home to sacred Taoist and Buddhist sites.
Accommodation/Food: Stay 2 nights at a Dengfeng boutique hotel. Sample Luoyang Water Banquet or local noodles and tofu dishes.
Souvenirs: Zhongyue Taoist charms, scrolls with Taoist maxims, Dengfeng specialty snacks like sesame cakes.
Include a day trip to the magnificent Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang to explore Buddhist carvings dating back to the Northern Wei dynasty.
Accommodation/Food: Optional stay in Luoyang (e.g., Peony Plaza Hotel). Try Luoyang beef soup and Luoyang-style dumplings.
Souvenirs: Stone Buddha replicas, Longmen-themed bookmarks, Luoyang peony embroidery.
Add a scenic nature adventure to the itinerary with a day at Yuntai Mountain in Jiaozuo, known for cliffs, waterfalls, and gorges.
Accommodation/Food: Stay at eco-hotels near Yuntai Mountain or return to Dengfeng. Eat mountain-foraged meals or countryside hotpots.
Souvenirs: Yuntai crystal stones, hand-painted fans, ginseng and herbal products.
Explore nearby Kaifeng’s historical charm, from Song Dynasty relics to imperial architecture and food culture.
Accommodation/Food: Stay at Zhongzhou International Hotel in Kaifeng. Try Kaifeng-style baozi and almond tea.
Souvenirs: Song Dynasty porcelain, Iron Pagoda replicas, Kaifeng hand fans.
Deepen your cultural journey with a visit to Luoyang Museum and Luoyang Wangcheng Park, especially beautiful in spring for its peony flowers.
Accommodation/Food: Stay at Luoyang’s Yaxiang International Hotel. Peony banquet recommended if visiting in April.
Souvenirs: Peony-themed art, cultural scrolls, Luoyang porcelain plates.
Conclude the tour with a relaxing hot spring experience at Ruyang Hot Spring Resort, perfect for rejuvenation after an intense week of travel.
Accommodation/Food: Ruyang Hot Spring Hotel or nearby mountain lodge. Enjoy local trout dishes and herbal cuisine.
Souvenirs: Ruyang hot spring salts, herbal teas, wellness products.
I wanted to come and see it because I had a complex about the movie in my childhood. The Pagoda Forest is 300-400 meters to the right from the Shaolin Temple. It is free, but you can't get in because it is surrounded by fences to protect the cultural relics. I guess only dignitaries can enter. The brick pagodas span a long period of time, and even modern carvings of cars have appeared. Personally, I think since I'm in the Shaolin Temple, I must see it.
Because I didn't ask for explanation, I really didn't understand much.
The size of the pagoda is related to the reputation and virtue of the owner of the tomb pagoda. The more senior the Shaolin monk is, the taller and more magnificent the pagoda will be. The pagodas introduced in Baidu Encyclopedia include Xingzheng Pagoda, Suxi Pagoda, Xiaoshan Pagoda and Fuyu Pagoda.
The path behind Tallinn has fewer tourists.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest covers an area of about 14,000 square meters. According to Buddhist rules, only after the death of famous monks or eminent monks, palaces and pagodas will be built and stones will be engraved to commemorate their deeds, in order to show their merits and inspire future generations.
From the seventh year of Zhenyuan in the Tang Dynasty to the eighth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 500 brick-based towers, of which 232 remain today, including 2 Tang towers, 2 Song towers, 7 Jin towers, 43 Yuan towers, 139 Ming towers, 10 Qing towers, 2 contemporary towers, 27 towers of unknown age, and 35 remaining towers and tower bases. There are single-story single-eave towers, single-story dense-eave towers, Indian stupa towers, and various Lama towers.
The Pagoda Forest is a must-see. It is the largest tomb pagoda forest in China. The second largest tomb pagoda forest is in Lingyan Temple in Jinan. The Pagoda Forest is located at the foot of a hill about 300 meters west of Shaolin Temple. It covers an area of about 20,000 square meters and has 231 masonry pagodas from the Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times. This is the cemetery where Shaolin monks from all dynasties rest.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is one of the world cultural heritage sites of the "Heaven and Earth" historical building complex in Songshan. It is the cemetery where the eminent monks of Shaolin Temple rest in peace. It is the largest and most numerous existing pagoda forest in China with the most complete construction period, the longest span, and the highest cultural relic value.
The Pagoda Forest is located at the foot of a small hill about 300 meters west of Shaolin Temple, covering an area of about 20,000 square meters. There are 231 brick and stone tomb towers from the Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times. This is the cemetery where Shaolin monks from all dynasties rest. There are more than 240 brick and stone tomb towers from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. In 1996, the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest and Chuzu Temple were announced as national key cultural relics protection units. Because there are many types of towers, with different sizes, heights, thicknesses, and forms, they are scattered and look like a lush forest, so it is called the Pagoda Forest.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the tomb of the monks of the Shaolin Temple. After the death of the monks of high status, their ashes or bones were placed in the underground palace, and pagodas were built on top to show their merits. It is the largest existing pagoda forest in China, with 248 brick and stone pagodas, various tomb pagodas with brick, stone and brick and stone mixed structures, and their shapes include octagonal, hexagonal, square, circular and conical. They were built in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
It is still a historical attraction with a sense of vicissitudes. Many places are fenced off and people are not allowed to enter. However, you can enter some of them. There are many of them with different shapes, and some are very old. There are indeed many tourists.
The different shapes of the tombs of Shaolin monks since the Tang Dynasty reflect the styles of different periods (ethnic groups), including the circular shape of Liao and Jin and the polygonal shape of Mongolia and Yuan Dynasty.
I didn't expect Tallinn to be so huge. It's really shocking.
The Shaolin Pagoda Forest is the tomb of Shaolin's eminent monks and abbots. There are 256 pagodas of various types in the pagoda forest from the Tang Dynasty to the present, which is the largest pagoda forest in my country.
It's pretty good. The newest tower has a car camera carved on it. Shaolin Temple keeps up with the times.
I passed by and missed everything. Shaolin Temple is still
Tallinn is open to visitors, but the Buddhist temples are mostly commercialized.
The Pagoda Forest is just a little way from the Shaolin Temple. It is a scenic spot in the Shaolin Scenic Area. You could see it from inside before, but because too many unconscious tourists like to scribble and carve on it, it is now surrounded by wooden fences and can only be viewed from the outside.
A scenic spot in Shaolin Temple, all the pagodas built for the successive abbots of Shaolin Temple, are quite large and rare in China. The pagoda is too detailed for me to understand, so I just visit it.
There are Indian, Chinese and Tibetan pagodas in the pagoda forest, of different sizes and shapes, including octagonal, hexagonal, square, circular and conical. They were built in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. It is an open-air museum of ancient architecture. It is also one of the designated sites of the World Cultural Heritage.
It's a big area, and it takes 20 minutes to walk from the gate.
The place where all the great monks rest is also the filming location for various martial arts movies and TV series. Now people are not allowed to enter the forest area.
The best attraction of the entire trip! ! ! ! ! !
No tickets are required, it is open to the public, no one is bothering you, you can take your time to look around and listen to the guide's explanation, you can learn a lot.
On August 12, 2018, the father and son visited the famous Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest. These Shaolin monks have been quietly guarding for thousands of years, and they were in awe;
Just want to tell you
The pagoda forest is now fenced off. You can take photos outside, but don't take photos with others. Don't take photos with people and the pagoda. Don't take photos with people and the pagoda. Don't take photos together because the pagoda contains the bodies or ashes of former monks of Shaolin Temple. I met someone today who wanted to take photos with me and I really wanted to tell him. He looked very happy, but then I gave up. Everyone, please pay attention.
A few hundred meters to the west of Shaolin Temple is a spectacular forest of pagodas, which is the resting place of Shaolin monks since the Tang Dynasty. It is also the largest pagoda forest in China. The pagodas are of various styles and shapes, including square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, and circular.
The sizes and heights of the pagodas vary, which are mainly determined by the depth of the monks' Buddhist attainments, prestige, and merits during their lifetime.
There are 232 pagodas in the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest, covering an area of more than 14,000 square meters. Among them, there are 2 Tang Dynasty pagodas, 2 Song Dynasty pagodas, 10 Jin Dynasty pagodas, 46 Yuan Dynasty pagodas, 148 Ming Dynasty pagodas, and the others are Qing Dynasty pagodas or pagodas of unknown era. It is definitely worth seeing!
My favorite Shaolin Temple attraction. Although the shape is very different, I don’t know why the Tallinn reminds me of Borobudur in Indonesia (to be fair, the latter is much more spectacular and expresses more profound and rich meanings).
The tombs of eminent monks of different dynasties are built in different pagodas according to their merits, reputation and attainments.
Looking at these tomb towers, Jet Li's fighting scenes in the movie "Shaolin Temple" come to mind.
There are single-story single-eave towers, single-story dense-eave towers, Indian stupas and various Lama towers from the Sui, Tang, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. There are square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular and other styles, with various shapes. It is not easy to preserve them until now.
This is one of the most unique places in Shaolin Temple compared to other Buddhist temples. We should be grateful to the great monks of all generations for allowing so many people to visit their spiritual residence. But too many people treat this place as an ordinary tourist attraction, and the hustle and bustle is still frustrating.
It does lack some textual introductions. I wonder if this is a job opportunity for tour guides.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest was built by a highly respected monk.
Tallinn, a 5A scenic spot surrounded by fences, has no written introduction. It is just there, and tourists can only look up relevant information on their mobile phones. This is really wrong.
Walking forward to Tallinn, there are dense pines and cypresses and white snow.
Each pagoda here is a monument to a certain eminent monk, or can be understood as a monk's tomb.
There are dozens of towers of various sizes in the Tallinn area.
How many stories about monks and Shaolin Temple are lying dormant here?
It is solemn and large in scale, bearing witness to the history of Shaolin.
Scenes from various movies flashed in my mind. Standing in front of the pagoda forest, I was really in awe. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong visited Zhongyue, he sent 500 imperial guards to count the pagodas. As a result, these old men spent most of the day but could not count an accurate number. So Emperor Qianlong sighed, "The phantom of the pagoda forest"...
The Pagoda Forest of Shaolin Temple is the largest pagoda forest in China. It is bordered by Shaoxi River in the south, Longhu Mountain Range in the back, Funiu Mountain Range in the east, and Dangyang Slope in the west. It is lush with trees and has a beautiful and elegant environment. This is the famous Shaolin Pagoda Forest.
There are 256 pagodas of various types in the pagoda forest from the Tang Dynasty to the present, of which 47 are from the Yuan Dynasty, second only to the number of pagodas in the Ming Dynasty. It is said that the existing pagodas are only half of the original ones, and the rest have been destroyed by mountains and rivers over the years. The architectural style and brick and stone carvings of the 47 Yuan Dynasty pagodas here have left valuable objects for studying the architectural art of the Yuan Dynasty. What is more valuable is that almost every pagoda has a pagoda inscription, which provides precious information for studying the history of Shaolin Temple and the culture of the Yuan Dynasty.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the tomb of the monks of the Shaolin Temple. After the death of the famous monks in the Buddhist world, their ashes or bones were placed in the underground palace, and the pagoda was built on top to show their merits. The height, size and number of floors of the pagoda are mainly determined by the depth of the monks' Buddhist attainments, prestige and merits during their lifetime. The number of floors of the pagoda is different, generally one to seven, and the height is about 15 meters or less. The shapes are square, hexagonal, octagonal; there are columns, cones; there are straight lines, parabolas; there are bottle bodies, trumpet shapes, pavilion-style pagodas, dense eaves-style pagodas, pavilion-style pagodas, Lama pagodas, building-style pagodas, and stele-style pagodas.
Tallinn is a magnificent complex of buildings. These towers are masterpieces of various historical periods. They are of various types and bizarre shapes. It is a treasure trove for comprehensive research on ancient Chinese architecture, calligraphy and sculpture art.
The Pagoda Forest is a highlight of the Shaolin Temple, where the deceased monks of all generations are placed. Each pagoda is different, and each pagoda reflects the traces of a historical era.
Only monks who have made contributions can be buried in the pagoda forest. The higher the pagoda, the greater the monk's contribution. The different styles of the pagodas are due to different dynasties. Now only part of it is preserved, and part of it was destroyed. Modern pagodas also have patterns of notebooks, high-speed rail, cameras, etc.
Tallinn is beautiful, God's Tallinn, China's Songshan is worth a visit
Tallinn is really solemn and represents protection. Amitabha.
Shaolin Temple TV series and movies also show the pagoda forest, which contains the ashes of many Shaolin Temple monks.
Walking out of the steps on the west side of Shaolin Temple, you will see a mountain stream, Shaoxi River. This stream seems familiar. Could it be the stream where Jueyuan practiced martial arts by carrying water with his arms in the movie "Shaolin Temple"? In my memory, the stream was gurgling and winding, with red flowers and green willows by the stream. In recent years, due to the continuous drought in Dengfeng, if the stream in front of me was not fused with snow water, it would be almost dry and it would be difficult to find traces of the past.
After passing the stream, the Shaolin Temple's pagoda forest is not far away. It covers an area of about 20,000 square meters and has 231 brick and stone tomb pagodas from the Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times. This is the cemetery where Shaolin monks from all dynasties rest. There are more than 240 brick and stone tomb pagodas from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Now due to the destruction of tourists and the damage of some pagodas, the pagoda forest is now fenced off and can only be viewed from a distance.
There is nothing special to see, except that the area you pass by after visiting Shaolin Temple is completely surrounded by railings.
In response to the 2018 New Year's couplets of the permanent residents of the main hall of Shaolin Temple: I attach a few couplets, hoping that the great virtues will chop me with an axe🙏🙏🙏
The sages, saints, and laymen are all equal and unrestricted
Scholars, farmers, merchants and artisans help all people
Harmony and integration are for a community with a shared future for mankind
The true colors of the nation are fully revealed by the return of the ship
I will always cry for you, Master. I bow down to you for your kindness.
Faith is the source of the path. Compassion for all living beings. Repay the Buddha's kindness. The monk bows his head.
Working like a cow or a horse for all living beings
Xingzuting works hard without complaint
Shaolin tradition: Zen and martial arts combined
The true nature of monks is to serve the public
Welcoming and seeing off guests are all dust and labor
Lifting and letting go is the truth
The mountain gate is not secular
The bells and chimes benefit all living things
The Pagoda Forest is the most historically valuable place in the Shaolin Temple... Don’t take too many photos!
It's an attached scenic spot in the Shaolin Temple scenic area. There's not much to say about it, so just take a look.
It is very special and feels more distinctive than Shaolin Temple. Now you can't go into the pagoda forest to visit. There are railings around it, but it doesn't affect the appreciation.
It exceeded my expectations, I must recommend it, it's worth watching, you will regret it if you don't watch it
It is rare that Tallinn has preserved it so perfectly. I pay tribute to the masters of the past.
The quiet place of the Buddha's land, but the outer circle is noisy
.Tallinn: After getting off the cable car, we walked a short distance to Tallinn. As it was late, in order to catch up with the monks' performance, we hurriedly took a look at Tallinn and then went to the performance. Maybe we were tired, because it was really far from Tallinn to the martial arts hall, more than 1 kilometer! !
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the cemetery of monks from past dynasties, covering an area of more than 21,000 square meters. There are more than 230 ancient pagodas from the Tang Dynasty, which is the largest pagoda forest in China, with various tomb pagodas of brick, stone and mixed brick and stone structures. Located about 250 meters west of Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, it is the cemetery of monks from past dynasties, covering an area of more than 21,000 square meters. There are more than 230 ancient pagodas from the Tang Dynasty, which is the largest pagoda forest in China, with various tomb pagodas of brick, stone and mixed brick and stone structures. Among them, there are 2 Tang pagodas and 2 Song pagodas. There are 10 Jin pagodas, 46 Yuan pagodas, 148 Ming pagodas, and the rest are Qing pagodas or those of unknown era. There are single-story single-eaves pagodas, single-story dense-eaves pagodas, Indian stupa pagodas and various Lama pagodas. There are square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular, etc., with various styles and shapes. It is a treasure house for comprehensive research on ancient Chinese masonry architecture and sculpture art.
The Kung Fu performances at Shaolin Temple are more exciting than any other.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is actually the tombs of successive generations of Shaolin Temple monks.
After the death of famous and influential monks in the Buddhist world, their ashes or bones are placed in an underground palace and a pagoda is built on top to show their merits.
The height, size and number of floors of the tower are determined according to his merits.
This is the largest, most numerous and most valuable ancient tower complex in China.
The Pagoda Forest is the tomb of the Shaolin Temple's eminent monks of all generations.
After the death of famous and influential monks in the Buddhist world, their ashes or bones are placed in an underground palace and a pagoda is built on top to show their merits.
The height, size and number of floors of the pagoda are mainly determined by the depth of Buddhist attainments, prestige and merits of the monks during their lifetime.
When taking photos, never take photos of people and towers together, as it seems unlucky.
They are all stupas, divided into three, five, seven or nine floors according to their status. This is a unique feature of Shaolin Temple.
In the Shaolin Temple. It can be said to be a better forest of pagodas! Worth seeing!
This is a good thing. It is now surrounded by wooden fences for protection. You can only look at it from outside the fence.
I took a quick look! I only know that the tower has only one floor, not two floors, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 floors! The number of floors represents different status! I simply took 3 photos and said I was there...
The Shaolin Temple Scenic Area is located in the Pagoda Forest, a cemetery for monks.
To me, the Pagoda Forest is the absolute first holy place of Shaolin. The brick pagodas standing in the shadow of the sun, accompanied by the white residual snow, are square, round, high, low, with different shapes, different numbers of floors, and different ages. But they all belong to this place, and the monks since the Tang Dynasty may still continue to cultivate their souls under their respective pagodas.
Tallinn, May 3, 2014, posted on the cover.
The mysterious Shaolin Temple in Songshan, let's take a look again
The Pagoda Forest is located about 250 meters west of Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province. The Pagoda Forest is the resting place of Shaolin's eminent monks after their death. It has a long history, from the Tang Dynasty to modern times!
This should be a must-see attraction when visiting Songshan. The pagoda forest is the tomb pagoda of eminent monks. The tomb pagodas of eminent monks who passed away in ancient times are engraved with ancient patterns, while the tomb pagodas of eminent monks who passed away in recent years are engraved with airplanes, cars, etc. The tour guide said that this is also to leave a record of current life for future generations.
It is said that the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the cemetery of eminent monks from past dynasties!
One of the few highlights of the Shaolin scenic area, it is said that the newest tower inside belongs to Shi Yongxin's master.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the largest existing pagoda forest in China, with more than 230 ancient pagodas from the Tang Dynasty onwards. The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the tomb of the monks of the Shaolin Temple for generations, to show their merits. On the way here, the tour guide repeatedly emphasized several times that it is best not to take photos with the pagoda forest.
Very shocking, I hope to preserve more traditional things!
It's nice to go and have a look if you pass by.
It's a very magical place. There are many towers of different sizes. It makes death feel both close and far away from us.
After the death of a monk, his body was placed in a jar and buried underground, with a pagoda built on top. The longer the temple existed, the more monks passed away. More pagodas were built, and gradually a pagoda forest was formed. The pagoda forest of Shaolin Temple bears witness to its long history.
In the words of our tour guide, only those who are rich, powerful, famous and have made contributions can be buried here after their death. Now that it has been approved by the state as a cultural relic protection, it is difficult to enter. Haha, to put it bluntly, it is a cemetery, but they are all in the shape of towers. Be sure to ask for an explanation. Comrades who travel independently will inevitably be bored if they don’t know the story behind it.
Actually, I went there with a group with my friends. We all loved to have fun and finally found a way to have fun. Shaolin is also a kind of Chinese history, culture and spirit, so we took a bus. It is worth going. Even people from other places go to visit. Because there are many pagodas, it is called the Pagoda Forest. In fact, they are the tombstones of monks from past dynasties. It is the largest pagoda forest in China, so it is also of literary and postgraduate entrance examination value.
The tomb towers of eminent monks from past dynasties reflect the history of Shaolin Temple.
A few hundred meters west of Shaolin Temple is the Pagoda Forest, which is the resting place of Shaolin monks since the Tang Dynasty. It is also the largest pagoda forest in China. The tomb pagodas are of various styles and shapes, including square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, round, etc.
The sizes and heights of the pagodas vary, which are mainly determined by the depth of the monks' Buddhist attainments, prestige, and merits during their lifetime.
There are 232 pagodas in the Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest, covering an area of more than 14,000 square meters. Among them, there are 2 Tang Dynasty pagodas, 2 Song Dynasty pagodas, 10 Jin Dynasty pagodas, 46 Yuan Dynasty pagodas, 148 Ming Dynasty pagodas, and the rest are Qing Dynasty pagodas or pagodas of unknown age.
After visiting the Shaolin Temple, we came to the pagoda forest behind the temple.
The Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest is the cemetery of monks from past dynasties. There are more than 230 ancient pagodas from the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest pagoda forest in China. There are various tomb pagodas with brick, stone and mixed brick and stone structures. Those who have seen the movie "Shaolin Temple" will be impressed by the pagoda forest. The pagoda forest is very large, with various tomb pagodas from past dynasties. There are cars, high-speed trains, notebooks, etc. on the newly built tomb pagoda. It seems to be the tomb of Master Shi Yongxin, which is also the largest. I don’t know whether it keeps pace with the times or cannot escape the vulgarity.