Layover Time needed for International Flights

Question

My wife and I are looking at a flight on United that would arrive from Brussels and have a 3 hour layover before out next connecting flight domestically. In theory that seems like enough time, but I've never flown into Dulles. Is it enough time?

Answer

When flying internationally into Washington Dulles (IAD) and connecting to a domestic flight, a 3-hour layover is generally considered sufficient, but there are several factors to keep in mind.

Arrival and Customs

After your Brussels flight, you will need to go through U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at Dulles. This can take anywhere from 30 minutes to over an hour, depending on how many international flights have just arrived.
Global Entry members can expedite this process significantly, often taking just 10-15 minutes.
After clearing customs, you’ll collect your checked luggage (if it was not checked through) and re-check it for your domestic flight.

Security and Terminal Navigation

Once you have rechecked your bags, you will need to pass through TSA security for your domestic flight. Lines can be busy, especially during peak hours.
Dulles is a large airport with multiple concourses connected by the AeroTrain, so moving from your arrival gate to your departure gate may take 15-30 minutes depending on distance and crowds.

Other Considerations

United Airlines often schedules layovers with minimum connection times in mind; 3 hours provides a buffer against minor delays, but any late arrival from Brussels can make the connection tighter.
Weather delays or heavy summer traffic in security lines can increase time needed, so monitor flights and leave some buffer.

Tips to Make Your Connection Smooth

Enroll in Global Entry or TSA PreCheck if you haven’t already to speed up customs and security.
Check United’s terminal map ahead of time so you know the quickest route to your connecting gate.
Carry any necessary items in your carry-on so you don’t have to wait for luggage in case of delays.
Keep an eye on the flight status and communicate with airline staff if your first flight is delayed—they can often help expedite your connection.

Overall, a 3-hour layover at Dulles for an international-to-domestic connection is adequate for most travelers, giving enough time for customs, baggage, and security, with a bit of buffer for walking and minor delays. However, if your international flight tends to run late or you’re traveling during peak times, you may want to consider slightly longer layovers for peace of mind.