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The Forbidden City in Beijing is the royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 150,000 square meters, more than 70 large and small palaces, and more than 9,000 houses.
The Forbidden City is a rectangular city, 961 meters long from north to south, 753 meters wide from east to west, surrounded by a 10-meter-high city wall, and a 52-meter-wide moat outside the city.
The Forbidden City has four gates, the main gate is called the Meridian Gate, and its plan is concave. Behind the Meridian Gate, there are five white marble arch bridges leading to the Taihe Gate. The east gate is called Donghua Gate, the west gate is called Xihua Gate, and the north gate is called Shenwu Gate. The four corners of the Forbidden City have corner towers, 27.5 meters high, and cross ridges.
The Meridian Gate is the main entrance of the Forbidden City. Commonly known as Wufeng Tower. The east, west, and north sides are connected by a 12-meter-high city platform, surrounding a square square. The entire city gate, which has gone through hundreds of years of ups and downs, is still smiling and proud of the world, which makes people admire. The noon gate is the place where the emperor issued edicts and ordered expeditions. Whenever the emperor's imperial decree is read and the almanac is issued, civil and military officials must gather in the square in front of the noon gate to listen to the decree. The main entrance in the noon gate is usually only accessible to the emperor, and the queen enters once when the emperor gets married, and the three people who passed the palace examination, the top scholar, and the flower can walk out of this door once.
Donghua Gate corresponds to Xihua Gate, there is a dismount stele outside the gate, and the Jinshui River flows north and south inside the gate, with one stone bridge and three gates on the north side of the bridge. The Donghua Gate and the Xihua Gate have the same shape, with a rectangular plan, a red city platform, a white jade Sumeru seat, and 3 ticket gates in the middle, with a square outside and a circle inside. There is a city tower built on the city platform, with a yellow glazed tile heavy eaves and a hall roof, with a width of 5 rooms and a depth of 3 rooms, and a corridor around it. Civil and military ministers enter and exit through the east gate, while royal family members and princes enter and exit through the west gate.
The Forbidden City is a symbol of the imperial power of the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a history of 600 years, and 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties have ruled China here for more than 500 years.
The construction of the Forbidden City was an act of the emperors of the feudal society at that time to deify the imperial power, and it was also the crystallization of the wisdom of the hardworking and brave Chinese people.
After 14 years of construction, the Forbidden City was finally completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420) of the Ming Dynasty, and its completion embodies the blood and lives of countless toiling people.
The only feeling after entering the noon gate is grandeur and vastness. Stepping into this sacred land, my heart is filled with pride and amazement at the wisdom of my ancestors. I feel that every brick and tile here is telling history and telling its past glory.
The Forbidden City in Beijing, its huge spirit is shocking, and I really feel like I am late to meet it.
In front of the gate there are two iron tanks, which are fireproof and filled with water.
The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Taihe Hall, the Zhonghe Hall, and the Baohe Hall, collectively known as the Three Halls, which are the places where the state holds grand ceremonies.
Forbidden City In ancient China, the planning concept of "the unity of heaven and man" was emphasized, and the stars in the sky corresponded to the capital planning to highlight the legitimacy of the regime and the supremacy of imperial power. Because the feudal palace was a forbidden place in ancient times, ordinary people could not enter, so it was called the "Forbidden City". In the early Ming Dynasty, together with the outer forbidden wall, it was collectively called the "imperial city", and around the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it was distinguished from the outer forbidden wall, that is, the palace city was called the "Forbidden City", and the outer forbidden wall was called the "imperial city".
The front palace of the Forbidden City, at that time, the architectural shape required to be magnificent and magnificent, the courtyard was bright and open, symbolizing the supremacy of the feudal regime, and the Taihe Hall was located in the center of the diagonal of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner. The designers of the Forbidden City believed that this was to show the majesty of the emperor and deter the world. The rear inner court requires depth and compactness, so the six palaces in the east and west are self-contained, each with palace gates and walls, arranged in relation to each other, and orderly. After the inner court is the palace apse.
The entire building of the Forbidden City is resplendent, solemn and gorgeous, and is known as one of the five major palaces in the world (the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Palace of Versailles in France, the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the White House in the United States, and the Kremlin in Russia), and is listed as a "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO.
I think the most amazing thing is the sundial. The original meaning of the sundial refers to the shadow of the sun, so the ancients used the shadow of the sun to measure the time, and the sundial is an ancient timekeeping instrument. When the gnomon is illuminated by the sun, the length and direction of the shadow are constantly changing, so it can be used to see the angle between the time dial and the gnomon hand, which happens to be the latitude where the local area is located.
There are two bronze turtles and bronze cranes in front of the Taihe Hall, symbolizing a long life and boundless life.
The previous dynasty of the Forbidden City did not plant trees. First, because the buildings of the Forbidden City are all wooden structures, it is easy to string fires when there are trees in the fire, and there is a danger of thunder in rainy days; second, to highlight the majesty of the emperor, the ceremonial guard was neat when holding grand ceremonies and exercising power; third, for the safety of the emperor, to prevent someone from using trees to cover themselves and assassinate; Fourth, from the perspective of superstition, the Forbidden City is a "mouth" shape, and planting trees becomes the word "sleepy", and not planting trees is to avoid the emperor being trapped.
The entire Forbidden City, in terms of architectural layout, is combined into a whole with the technique of shape changes and ups and downs, which is functionally in line with the hierarchy of feudal society. At the same time, it achieves the artistic effect of left and right balance and shape change.
I walked among the magnificent ancient buildings, the red walls and yellow tiles made us feel the vicissitudes of history, and the green bricks and reliefs made me dizzy: the sculpted golden unicorns, cranes, old turtles and other animals are lifelike and vivid, symbolizing auspiciousness and majesty.
The three temples have been baptized by history, It is more simple, solemn and dignified, as if the world has been in full view, and you can look down on the ethereal world and transcend the world.
The roof forms of Chinese architecture are colorful, and there are more than 10 types of roofs of different forms in the Forbidden City architecture. Take the three halls as an example, the roofs are different. The roof of the Forbidden City building is covered with various glazed tiles.
The center of the inner court is the Qianqing Palace, the Jiaotai Hall, and the Kunning Palace, collectively known as the Later Three Palaces, which are the main palaces where the emperor and empress live.
The second half of the Forbidden City building is called the inner court, and the gate of the inner court palace - the Qianqing Gate, has glazed walls on the left and right, and the door is the back three palaces. The inner court is centered on the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, and Kunning Palace, and the east and west wings have the East Sixth Palace and the West Sixth Palace, which are the places where the emperor handles daily government affairs and the place where the emperor and his concubines live and live. The second half differs from the first half in architectural style. The first half of the building symbolizes the supremacy of the emperor. The second half of the inner court buildings are mostly self-contained courtyards.
The inner courtyard is deep, the building is compact, and there are pines and cypresses in the back garden, and there are exquisite rockeries with beautiful stones, and buildings, pavilions, pavilions, and pavilions are hidden among them, which is beautiful and quiet.
Imperial Garden. In the park, rockeries and strange rocks are lined up, pavilions and pavilions are correspondingly displayed, and ancient trees tower into the clouds, creating a rich and prosperous scene.
An imperial garden that has experienced a hundred years of romance and dust, is still beautiful and chic and touching.
The Treasure Museum of the Forbidden City is located in the east of the Palace Museum, located in the west wing of the Huangji Hall, the Yangxing Hall, the Leshou Hall and the Summer Palace in the northeast corner of the Forbidden City. The Treasure Hall is a treasure trove of various gemstones, sparkling gold and silver vessels, pearls and jade, as well as gold silk phoenix crowns, ivory jade carvings, and all kinds of treasures are unparalleled in the world.
Kowloon Wall There are indeed nine dragons of different shapes lying on the wall, each with its own spirit, each with its own outstanding style, which makes people stop and linger, and the aftertaste is endless.
Most of the Qing Dynasty court treasures collected by the Palace Museum were made by order from the construction office, the institution in charge of construction in the Forbidden City, and some were tributes from local officials during the New Year's celebrations. Most of these treasures are made of precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, emerald, pearls and various gemstones, and famous craftsmen from all over the world are recruited to design and manufacture, with ingenuity and no expense, and the success of a vessel often takes many years, and its craftsmanship represents the highest level at that time. In terms of application, it is widely involved in various fields such as court ceremonies, religious sacrifices, daily life and leisure and entertainment, showing the supremacy and dignity of imperial power everywhere, and the grace and elegance of the royal family, which specifically and subtly reflects the style of that era.
Treasure Museum, a royal treasure, each of which can be described as unique, whether it is aesthetic value, historical and cultural value, it is unique.
The significance of Qing Dynasty court treasures today has far exceeded the value of simple materials and craftsmanship, they reflect the broad and profound heritage of traditional Chinese culture. It is a vivid portrayal of that period of history and a brilliant treasure condensed by the national spirit.
Located in the Zhenshun Gate at the north end of the Ningshou Palace of the Forbidden City in Beijing, it was originally an ordinary well in the palace. A wellhead stone is placed on the wellbore of the Zhenfei well, and small holes are drilled on both sides of the stone to be used to penetrate the iron rod and lock. In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900), the Eight-Nation Allied Forces attacked the capital, and Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled west in panic. Before leaving, Empress Dowager Cixi summoned Concubine Zhen, who was imprisoned in the northern courtyard of Jingqi Pavilion, to the Summer Palace, and ordered the eunuch Cui Yugui and others to push her into the well inside the Zhenshun Gate and drown, which was named "Concubine Zhen's Well".
A simple building will not bring people any feeling, only after the baptism of time and personnel changes can it shine its brilliance, this is the charm of the Forbidden City.
Some people feel that China's architectural culture is lifeless and not as glamorous as foreign castles and palaces. But they have a long history and rich cultural heritage, just like foreigners like diamonds with a radiant appearance, while Chinese like smooth and soft jade. It is a kind of restrained beauty, a quiet beauty, and a deep beauty. Therefore, we don't need to envy others, but cherish what we have. The Forbidden City is the pride of the Chinese nation.
Architects believe that the design and architecture of the Forbidden City is really an unparalleled masterpiece, its floor plan, three-dimensional effect, and form majestic, majestic, solemn, Harmony, majestic architecture, luxurious and magnificent, is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art. It marks China's long cultural tradition and shows the architectural excellence of craftsmen more than 500 years ago.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, large-scale repairs were carried out on the buildings of the Forbidden City, and a large number of cultural relics were sorted out. In 1961, the State Council promulgated the Forbidden City as a national key cultural relics protection unit. 1862690 pieces/sets of existing cultural relics in the Palace Museum (as of August 2019). In 1987, the Forbidden City was listed as a "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO and designated as the "Palace Museum".
Shenwu Gate was "Xuanwu Gate" in the Ming Dynasty, Xuanwu is one of the four ancient divine beasts, in terms of direction, the left green dragon, the right white tiger, the front Suzaku, the back Xuanwu, and the Xuanwu are the north, so the north palace gate of the emperor's palace is mostly named "Xuanwu". During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed "Shenwumen" due to taboo. Shenwu Gate is also in the form of a city gate tower, using the highest level of heavy eaves hall-style roof, but its main hall only has five bays and a corridor, and there are no wings extending left and right, so it is one level lower than the noon gate in terms of shape. Shenwumen Gate is the daily access control in the palace. Shenwumen Gate is now the main entrance of the Palace Museum.
After visiting the Forbidden City, I couldn't help but fall in love with an imperial city - the Forbidden City. It is not only a concentrated symbol of the imperial power of feudal emperors, but also the crystallization of the collective wisdom of ancient Chinese craftsmen: it not only shows the tragedy of the dynasty change, but also shows the life of song and dance during the peaceful and prosperous period; In it, there are songs like mountain flowers, as well as lonely and helpless sorrows...... It has endless love stories, and there are also unclear past stories of the family and country. A city is a movie, a historical legend.
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