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February 14, 2025, five trips in one day, visiting the former site of Yunnan Normal University, Cuihu Park, Kunming Botanical Garden, Heilongtan Park Kunming Old Street, and narrated in parts.
In the long river of years, there is a spiritual holy place shining brightly, and that is the National Southwest Associated University. This is the top priority of my trip to Kunming.
Last night, I made an appointment in advance for the visit of Southwest Associated University this morning, because there was a public explanation at 10:30 a.m., so I specially made an appointment from 10 to 11 o'clock in order to hear the explanation.
On February 14, with great reverence and longing, I embarked on this meaningful journey of exploration.
When we were about to reach our destination, the master said: When you go down this road, you will reach Cuihu, you must go and see it.
At 9:15, I arrived at Yunnan Normal University. The former site of Southwest Associated University is located in the current Yunnan Normal University, when Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University moved to Kunming to establish Southwest Associated University. After the relocation of the United Nations, the Normal College was left behind, which became the predecessor of today's Yunnan Normal University.
Swipe the reservation code to enter Yunnan Normal University, and several magnolia flowers on campus are blooming very well.
There is a group of statues of Shilin in the lawn, and the images of teachers depicted are standing and sitting, with different expressions, as if discussing an academic issue. There is also a book-shaped red granite rock engraved with "Shilin Ji". Shilin, which means master like a forest, records the outstanding contributions of professors of Southwest Associated University to the United University. There is also a piece of granite on the opposite side engraved with the list of professors of Southwest Associated University. Because the automatic water sprinkler has been spraying water on the grass, it cannot be approached.
Moving forward, there is a heart-shaped pattern and a few large white characters of Yunnan Normal University, and the National Southwest United University Memorial Pavilion.
A statue of Wen Yiduo was seen on the lawn not far away, and in front of the statue was a stone engraved with "Democracy Lawn Theory". The Democracy Lawn was a place where teachers and students discussed academics and promoted democracy. It was also the opening place of the famous 121 movement.
There is an inkstone pond on the other side of the campus, named after the two big characters "inkstone" written by calligrapher Mr. Yang Xiupin. The inkstone pond was originally one of the natural pools on the campus of the United University, and was planned and designed by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin to become one of the water systems on the campus of Southwest Associated University. It is surrounded by stone railings on the outside, and there is a pool of clear water inside, and a white statue of a female teacher stands quietly in the center.
Continue to see the gate of "National Southwest United University", and many people think that the eight words "National Southwest United University" are handwritten by Chen Lifu, then Minister of Education. The reasons are as follows:
From the perspective of historical origins: At the end of 1937, Jiang Menglin flew to Wuhan, and after discussing with the new Minister of Education Chen Lifu, he decided to move Changsha Provisional University to Kunming, Yunnan, and in April 1938, Changsha Provisional University was renamed National Southwest United University. The establishment of Southwest United University is closely related to Chen Lifu, and from this point of view, it is reasonable for him to inscribe the name of the school.
From the perspective of calligraphy style: Chen Lifu's words are based on Yan style, and later influenced by Yu Youren's stele, from the style of the post school to the style of the stele school, which can be described as an inner and outer stele. The name of "National Southwest United University" is in this style, so it is speculated that it may be written by Chen Lifu from the calligraphy style. Some people also think that it was written by Wang Zhaoming and will no longer be verified. What is peculiar is that the word "south" in it is written without a horizontal line, which is said to be the embodiment of the "pain of the south" of teachers and students.
Southwest Associated University is a comprehensive university formed by Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University in Yunnan during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. In the past eight years, under the arduous environment of the Anti-Japanese War, Southwest Associated University has held high the great banner of "patriotism, democracy and science", "established the scale of academic freedom internally and the title of a fortress of democracy from outside", cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for China and even the world, created an immortal monument in the history of education in China and even the world, and wrote a glorious page in the history of the World Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and is known as a bright pearl in the history of Chinese education.
Entering the school gate is the sculpture of the three principals.
Mei Yiqi, president of Tsinghua University, began serving as president of Tsinghua University in 1931 and continued to hold leadership positions during his time at Southwest Associated University. Because of his outstanding leadership skills, he is known as the soul of Southwest Associated University. He is the longest-serving president of Tsinghua University, and he put forward the concept of "professors governing the school", which is called "the best president of Tsinghua University" by many scholars.
Jiang Menglin: Acting president of Peking University, he served as acting president of Peking University during the Anti-Japanese War, and former President Hu Shi served as ambassador to the United States, so Jiang Menglin took on the leadership of Peking University and participated in the management of Southwest Associated University. He was the first Minister of Education of the Nationalist Government and the longest-serving president of Peking University in history.
Zhang Boling: President of Nankai University, he is the founder and president of Nankai University, and he also founded Nankai Middle School, Nankai Girls' High School, Nankai Primary School and Chongqing Nankai Middle School. During his tenure at Southwest Associated University, he continued to be responsible for the work of Southwest Associated University.He is one of the important figures in modern Chinese education, and he opened an education system dedicated to promoting China's modern education. Zhang Boling was also the earliest advocate of Western drama and the Olympic Games, and was known as "the first person in the Chinese Olympics".
Next to a group of modern schoolhouses, there are some remnants of columns, a wooden house (old classroom), several stone tablets.
On the site of the former site of Southwest Associated University, landmark buildings such as the "12.1" Movement Memorial Square, the original classroom of Southwest Associated University, the Monument to Revolutionary Martyrs, and the Monument to Southwest Associated University tell the history of the students of the United University forging ahead in the smoke of war.
To the right of the gate is the "12.1" Movement Memorial Square. The form of the sky is round, and there are bronze sculptures of "12.1" on the circular stone platform in the middle. The front of the bronze sculpture has a relief of the "12.1" sports scene, and the back has the emblem of Southwest Associated University, the flag of Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University. The relief embedded in the semicircular wall behind the bronze sculpture is the scene of students marching on the streets holding anti-civil war slogans high in the "12.1" movement; The back of the wall is engraved with the full text of "The Beginning and End of the "12.1" Movement written by Mr. Wen Yiduo.
On the left is the Democracy Wall and the alumni directory. The Democracy Wall not only has the daily notices of the school, but also an important place for teachers and students to exchange information in their daily lives. There are several stone carvings on both sides, all of which are famous sentences of famous professors at that time.
Go further and there is a hut that is transparent all around.
The tomb of the four martyrs of the "12.1" movement was built in March 1946, and the mausoleum area faces north and south, covering an area of 216 square meters, from right to left are buried the four martyrs Yu Zai, Pan Yan, Li Lulian and Zhang Huachang who died in the "12.1" movement. In front of the tomb of the four martyrs is the tomb of Mr. Wen Yiduo, an early leader of the Chinese Democratic League, a famous poet and a well-known scholar, who was assassinated by the Kuomintang reactionaries on July 15, 1946.
A
stone sword is carved on the stone platform in the middle of the steps at the entrance of the martyrs' tomb, symbolizing the brave fighting spirit of the martyrs. In the middle of the square behind the martyrs' tomb is a set of relief stone screens. The entire stone screen shows countless passionate young people calling for light, and its pedestal is engraved with five eulogies written by Feng Zhi, Xiao Di and others.
Behind the tombs of the four martyrs is the tomb of Mr. Li Gongpu, an early leader of the Chinese Democratic League, an outstanding social educator and democracy fighter, who was assassinated by Kuomintang reactionaries in the "Li Wen Massacre" on July 11, 1946.
The entire cemetery is surrounded by green pines and cypresses, solemn and solemn. On both sides of the cemetery stand two 3.3-meter-high stone carved torch pillars, and two blazing flames symbolize the "one-two-one" sports spirit that has been passed down from generation to generation. The pedestal is engraved with the "Beginning and End of the "12.1" Movement written by Wen Yiduo, which is an immortal document recording the "12.1" movement.
The
original site of the classroom of Southwest Associated University was designed by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin. The roof is made of iron, and when it rains, the professors can't go to class, and the students can't hear the professor's voice.
Turning the back mountain of the classroom area is the Southwest Associated University Monument.
The monument of National Southwest United University is about 5 meters high, written by Feng Youlan, Wen Yiduo seal plaque, and Luo Yong's hand dan.
According to the inscription, in 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese invaded the south, and Pingjin was in an emergency, and the three famous schools of Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai were ordered to move to Hunan and form a temporary university in Changsha. Later, the situation became more difficult, Shanghai and Nanjing fell into enemy hands one after another, Wuhan was shaken, and the temporary university was moved to Yunnan. Hundreds of teachers and students traveled south in batches, most of them walked 3,000 miles, some teachers and students took cars and boats, and some even took a detour to Hong Kong, from Hong Kong through Vietnam, after more than two months of arduous trekking, they arrived in Kunming in the early summer of 1938, changed their name to "Southwest United University", and started classes on May 4. The school is divided into a science and technology college, located in Kunming; set up a grammar school, located in Mengzi; In the winter of the same year, a normal college was added. After one semester, the grammar school moved back to Kunming. On May 4, 1946, the United Nations University ended, and the three universities moved back to Pingjin, which lasted for 8 years.
834 students and 834 soldiers of Southwest Associated University, their names are neatly engraved on the monument.
In the middle is the "National Kunming Normal University" stele, and behind the stele is the four words "Teaching and Learning" inscribed by Mr. Mei Yiqi.
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